Demo · Duke Ellington

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Programme Notes

The Story

Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington (1899-1974) was born in Washington, D.C., and learned his trade at the piano in its ragtime cafés. He came to New York in 1923 and, from 1927 to 1931, led the house band of the Cotton Club in Harlem, broadcast across America night after night.

He wrote for the players in front of him, not for a section: the growl of a trumpet, the silk of Johnny Hodges’s alto, Harry Carney’s baritone at the bottom of every chord. In 1939 Billy Strayhorn joined him, and for almost thirty years the two wrote as one; Strayhorn’s Take the “A” Train became the band’s signature.

At Carnegie Hall in 1943 he played Black, Brown and Beige, a history of Black America in music. At Newport in 1956 Paul Gonsalves blew twenty-seven choruses of Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue and the crowd rose to its feet. Then came the suites, from Such Sweet Thunder to the Far East Suite, and from 1965 the Sacred Concerts, played in cathedrals.

He left more than a thousand compositions, and called his band his instrument. “There are simply two kinds of music,” he wrote in 1962, “good music and the other kind.”

Projects

  1. Billy Strayhorn

    Composer and arranger1939 to 1967

    Take the “A” Train, Chelsea Bridge and Lush Life are his.

  2. Johnny Hodges

    Alto saxophone1928 to 1970

    He left to lead his own band from 1951 to 1955, then came back to the same chair.

  3. Harry Carney

    Baritone saxophone1927 to 1974

    He joined at seventeen, in Boston, and never played in another band.

  4. Ray Nance

    Trumpet, violin and voice1940 to 1963

    The only violin soloist the orchestra ever had.

  5. Sonny Greer

    Drums1923 to 1951

    He came up from Washington with him: the band’s first drummer, behind a kit built like a stage set.

  6. Bigard, Webster, Hardwick, Stewart, Jones

    Clarinet, tenor, alto, cornet and trumpet1940 to 1942

    The band of the early forties; he wrote for each of them by name.